Latin: By fraud. Where a plea alleges matter of discharge, and the replication avers that the discharge was fraudulently obtained and is therefore Invalid, it is called a "replication per fraudem." … [Read more...] about PER FRAUDEM
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PER ANNULUM ET BACULUM
Lat. In old English law. By ring and staff, or crozier. The symbolical mode of conferring an ecclesiastical investure. 1 Bl. Comm. 878, 379. … [Read more...] about PER ANNULUM ET BACULUM
PER INCURIAM
Latin: Through inadvertence. 35 Eng. Law & Eq. 302. … [Read more...] about PER INCURIAM
PER ANNUM
Lat. By the year. A phrase still in common use. … [Read more...] about PER ANNUM
PER INCURIUM
Latin for through lack of care; a court judgment which was decided without a reference to a statutory provision or an earlier judgment which would have been relevant to the court in making the decision. Where a decision is made with such lack of care the decision itself does not need to be followed in case law as precedent, including by a lower court. … [Read more...] about PER INCURIUM