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A judge from whom an appeal may be taken; a judge of a court below. … [Read more...] about JUDEX A QUO

An action that includes more than two parties, one which is joint between several parties. … [Read more...] about JOINT ACTION

A joint contract is one made by two or more promisors who are jointly bound to fulfill its obligations or made to two or more promisees who are jointly entitled to require performance of the same. A contract may be "several" as to any one of several promisors or promisees if he has a legal right (either from the terms of the agreement or the nature of the undertaking) to … [Read more...] about JOINT AND SEVERAL

When several people are liable for a debt or obligation and the creditor can sue and collect the entire from each one or in any proportion from the group of debtors. … [Read more...] about JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY

A lawsuit that is filed by two or more parties as a result of a common issue in controversy. … [Read more...] about JOINT CAUSE OF ACTION