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Authority actually possessed, such as an authorized agent. This is in contrast to apparent authority, where it may appear that there is authorization when, in fact, there is not authorization, e.g. an agent appears to have authority to execute a contract even though, unknown to the other party, the principal never provided actual authority to the agent to bind the principal to … [Read more...] about ACTUAL AUTHORITY

Legal maxim and Latin for the act does not make one guilty unless there is a criminal intent. To be guilty of a crime under criminal law requires two elements, a guilty act (actus reus) and a guilty state of mind (mens rea). Without a guilty mind or criminal intent there is no crime. (In general this is true, except for strict liability statutes such as speed limits, for … [Read more...] about ACTUS NON FACIT REUM NISI MENS SIT REA

A legal action; a common action. Sometimes used for actio dvrecta. Mackeld. Rom. Law, … [Read more...] about ACTIO VULGARIS

In Scotch law. These are either (1) actions of proper improbation for declaring a writing false or forged; (2) actions of reduction improbation for the production of a writing in order to have it set aside or its effect ascertained under the certification that the writing if not produced shall be declared false or forged; and (3) actions of simple reduction, for declaring a … [Read more...] about ACTIONS RESCISSORY

A bona-fide dispute. This is usually used to mean a dispute that can be resolved or adjudicated in a court of law as opposed to a hypothetical situation has not occurred and which an advisory body is requested to provide an opinion or guidance so that the party is able to better deal with a situation should it arise in the future. … [Read more...] about ACTUAL CONTROVERSY