JUDGE

A public officer, appointed to preside and to administer the law in a court of justice; the chief member of a court, and charged with the control of proceedings and the decision of questions of law or. discretion. Todd v. U. S., 158 U, S. 278, 15 Sup. Ct. 889, 39 L. Ed. 982; Foot v. Stiles, 57 N. Y. 405; In re Lawyers’ Tax Cases, 8 Heisk. (Tenn.) 650. “Judge” and “Justice”.(a. t>.) are Often used in substantially the same sense. Judge advocate. An officer of a court-martial, whose duty is to swear in the other members of the court, to advise the court, and to act as the public prosecutor; but he is also so far the counsel for the prisoner as to be bound to protect him from the necessity of answering criminating questions, and to object tp leading questions when propounded to other witnesses. Judge advocate general. The adviser of the government in reference to courts-martial and other matters of military law. In England, he is generally a member of the house of commons and of the government for the time being. Judge de facto. One who holds and exercises the office of a judge under color of lawful authority and by a title valid on its face, though he has not full right to the office, as where he was appointed under an unconstitutional statute, or by an usurper of the appointing power, or has not taken the oath of office. State v. Miller, 111 Mo. 542, 20 S. W. 243; Walcott v. Wells, 21 Nev. 47, 24 Pac. 367, 9 U R. A. 59, 37 Am. St Rep. 478: Dredla v. Baache, 60 fteb. 655, 83 N. W. 916: Caldwell v. Barrett, 71 Ark. 310, 74 S. W. 748 Judge-made law. A phrase used to indicate judicial decisions which construe away the meaning of statutes, or find meanings in them the legislature never intended. It is sometimes used as meaning, simply, the law established by judicial precedent. Cooley. Const Lim. 70, note. Judge ordinary. By St. 20 & 21 Vict. c. 85,