The Zubulake Factors are used by a court to determine whether cost shifting is appropriate to shift the burden of costs of compliance with an electronic discovery request from the receiving party to the requesting party. (See Federal Rule 26(b)(2) more specifically.) The factors are the product of a series of decisions in Zubulake v. UBS Warburg LLC, 216 F.R.D. 280 (S.D.N.Y. … [Read more...]
ZOLL-VEREIN
A union of German states for uniformity of customs, established in 1819. It continued until the unification of the German empire, Including Prussia, Saxony, Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Baden, Hesse-Cassel, Brunswick, and Mecklenburg-Strelltz, and all Intermediate principalities. It has now been superseded by the German empire;, and the federal council of the empire has taken the place … [Read more...]
ZONE
An area within a boundary. A division, e.g. an area of a town or city. … [Read more...]
ZONING
The local laws that divide cities into specific areas and are given restrictions for use, such as areas zoned for commercial buildings, single family homes, manufacturing plants and more. Zoning ordinances cover what can be built, the use and purpose, the size of structures and more. … [Read more...]
ZONING EXCEPTION
Special permission granted for deviation from the zoning ordinances or laws. … [Read more...]