When a man accused of a crime is arraigned, he is required to raise his hand, probably in order to identify the person who pleads. Perhaps for the same reason when a witness adopts a particular mode of taking an oath, as when he does not swear upon the gospel, but upon Almighty God, he is requested to hold up his hand. … [Read more...]

When a search of a person or their property is conducted in violation of law. … [Read more...]

A profit or loss that has not yet been finalized and recognized, e.g. the rise in stock is an unrealized gain until the stock is sold and converted into money whereby the seller would realize a gain on the sale. … [Read more...]

pleadings. This word is frequently used in indictments in the description of the offence; it is necessary when the crime did not exist at common law, and when a statute, in describing an offence which it creates, uses the word, but it is unnecessary whenever the crime existed at common law, and is manifestly illegal. The term is commonly used in indictments for statutory … [Read more...]

A violation of constitutional rights as per the Fourth Amendment. Where law enforcement conduct a search and seizure of a person or property without having (i) a search warrant and (ii) probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime may be present. … [Read more...]