French law. Those which are or may be contested either in whole or in part, whether an action has been commenced, or when there is reason to apprehend one. … [Read more...]

civil law. A contract, the whole of the evidence of which is reduced to writing. This contract is perfected by the writing, and binds the party who subscribed it, although he has received no consideration. Leg. Elem. Section 887. … [Read more...]

Latin: The measure of damages. … [Read more...]

Proof in writing that is offered as evidence. … [Read more...]

Latin: In the civil and canon law. Contestation of suit; the process of contesting a suit by the opposing statements of the respective parties; the process of coming to an issue; the attainment of an issue; the issue itself. In the practice of the ecclesiastical courts. The general answer made by the defendant, in which he denies the matter charged against him in the libel. … [Read more...]