Inferior tribunals, not of record, with limited jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, held by justices of the peace. There are courts so .called in many of the states. See Searl v. Shanks, 9 N. D. 204, 82 N. W. 734; Brownfleld v. Thompson, 96 Mo. App. 340, 70 S. W. 378. … [Read more...]

A maintaining or showing a sufficient reason in court why the defendant did what he is called upon to answer, particularly in an action of libel. A defense of justification is a defense showing the libel to be true, or in an action of assault showing the violence to have been necessary. See Steph. Pi. 184. In practice. The proceeding by which bail establish their ability to … [Read more...]

A minor who has been charged with a crime who is held to a different and lower standard of culpability in contrast to liability borne by adults. … [Read more...]

They were certain judges established if not first appointed, A. D. 1176, 22 Hen. II. England was divided into certain circuits, and three justices in eyre, or justices itinerant, as they were sometimes called, were appointed to each district, and made the circuit of the kingdom once in seven years for the purpose of trying causes. They were afterwards directed by Magna Charta, … [Read more...]

A kind of compurgators, or those who, by oath, justified the innocence or oaths of others, as in the case of wagers of law. … [Read more...]