In the civil law. An original instrument or writing; the original of a will or other instrument, as distinguished from a copy. Dig. 22, 4, 2; Id. 29, 3, 12. … [Read more...]

In the civil law. A Latin translation of the Novels of Justinian by an anonymous author; so called because the Novels were translated entire, in order to distinguish it from the epitome made by Julian. There is another collection so called, compiled by Irnier, of incorrect extracts from the Novels and inserted by him in the Code, in the places to which they refer. … [Read more...]

In English law. An ancient mode of weighing, described by Cowell as "a kind of weight with scales hanging, or hooks fastened to each end of a staff, which a man, lifting up upon his forefinger or hand,( discerneth the quality or difference between the weight and the thing weighed." … [Read more...]

In terms of copyright protection, either the person who creates the work, the person or business that pays another to create the work in an employment context or the person or business that commissions the work under a valid work for hire contract. For example, a songwriter may write a song, but if he is employed by a company to do so, the company is the author of that song for … [Read more...]

The sister of one's father or mother, and a relation in the third degree, correlative to niece or nephew. … [Read more...]